Collection and Processing: Herbs should be collected at optimal time when its effective ingredients are rich. The best collection time for the whole plant should be at the peak of its growth, for root and rhizome, late summer and early spring; for cortex, in early summer; for flower, at the time of budding and blossoming; for fruits and seeds, in the season of their maturity.
After the crude drugs are collected, the mud, non-drug part and other frith are discarded. Some should be processed first and then dried. Those with volatile oil and changing color after sunshine should be dried in the air or in shadow.
Processing
The goal of processing is to remove impurities and those parts that are not for use, to change, increase or alleviate the properties, to remove or mitigate any toxicity, and to bring its effective ingredients into full play.
The commonly used method of processing include:
Selection: Remove the impurities and parts not for drug use.
Sieving: Remove the mud, fragments and ash.
Winnowing: Remove those lighter parts not for drug use.
Scraping: Use a knife or other instrument to remove the rough skin or hairs not for drug use.
Denucleating: Some crude drugs should have their nucleus removed by smashing, such as chebula.
Washing: Use water to wash off the dust or filth, such as snake flesh.
Rinsing: Washed by running water to further remove the impurities and some toxicity.
Boiling as paste: add an adequate amount of water to the crude drug. Filter to obtain the filtrate and boil to evaporate and to obtain a paste that should not be sticky when it has cooled (such as paste of Fructus Hypophae).
Cutting: Use a knife or axe to cut a larger crude drug into small pieces, which can then be smashed.
Grinding: Smash hard drugs such as shell and minerals with a stone roller.
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