Though qi ,blood and body fluid differ in their properties ,they are the fundamental substances to make up the human body and keep the vital activities of the body. Their formation all depend on the essential substance of drink and food transported and transformed by the spleen and stomach. As for their physiological functions, they depend on each other and utilize each other. So there is a close relationship between qi, blood and body fluid both under the circumstance of physiology or pathology.
I. Relationship Between Qi and Blood
1. Hemopoietic Action of Qi
Qi producing blood is that the formation of blood depends on the qi and its functional activities. Pectoral qi and body fluid, the main components of blood, originate from the essence of drink and food transported and transformed by the spleen and sstomach. The conversion of food to food essence,food essence to pectoral qi and body fluid,and then to red blood, all depend on the changes of qi movements. So it is said qi can produce blood.The abundance of qi leads to the strong function of producing blood;deficiency of qi causes the weakness of producing blood function,or even to deficiency of blood in severe casses. In clinical practice,the herbs for invigorating qi is added in the treatment of blood deficiency. This is the practical utilization of the theory of "qi producing blood".
2. Propelling Blood Action of Qi
Blood pertains to yin and governs stillness. It cannot circulate by itself. By depending on the promoting of qi,it circulates in the vessels, and reaches to the viscera internally and to the skin ;tendons and bones externally. For example ,the circulation of blood depends on the promotion of heart-qi;the dispersing and distribution of lung-qi,condueting and dispersing of liver-qi can be summarized as "qi in motion rendering blood circulating". If qi stagnates, its promoting power will be weak and lead to the feeble circulation of blood, which is called "blood stasis due to qi deficiency", or "qi stagnation leading to blood stasis". If qi's functional activities are in disorder,blood will circulate with the ascending, descending,exiting and entering of qi. When blood flows with the ascending of qi,it will be manifested as flush face, conjunctival congestion, headache, even to hemorrhage ; When bleeding follows the sinking of qi,it will lead to abdominal distention with tenesmus,blood stool and metrorrhagia. Therefore,the herbs for invegorating qi,activating blood circulation and lowering the adverse flow of qi will be added separately in the treatment of blood circulating disorder.
3. Comsolidating Blood Action of Qi
Qi consolidating blood is the manifestation of consolidating function of qi. Blood flows within the vessels,which mainly depends on the consolidating function of qi. If this function declines due to qi deficiency,blood will escape out of the vessels and results in the various symptoms of hemorrhage, which is called "Qi fails to consolidate blood. "To treat this kind of hemorrhage, the method of tonifying qi to stop bleeding must be used, and only in this way can the bleeding stop.
Qi Producing blood,promoting the circulating of blood, consolidating blood can be summarized as "Qi is the commander of blood".
4. Blood Being the Mother of Qi
"Blood is the mother fo qi'means that blood severs as the carrier of qi. It supplies adequate nutrition to qi. Since qi is full of vigor and easy to be exhausted,it must attach to blood and body fluid to exist inside the body. When blood is deficient or massive blood loss occurs ,qi may lose its attachment and be scattered and lost. That's why the method of replenishing qi to prevent collapse is used in the treatment of massive loss of blood.
II. Relationship Between Qi and Body Fluid
1. Generating Fluid Action of Qi
"Qi producing body fluid"refes to that the changes of the qi movements are the motive power for the formation of body fluid, body fluid is derived from the food. Its formation depends on the functions of the spleen and stomach. Therefore, health of the spleenqi and stomach-qi leads to the abundance of body fluid ;but the deficiency of spleen and stomach-qi will affect the formation of body fluid, resulting in the insufficiency of body fluid.
2. Circulating Fluid Action of Qi
The distribution and excretion of body fluid depend on the qi movements of ascending,descending, exiting and entering. For example, the normal funetiomal activities of the spleen, lung ,kidney and liver promote the internal distribution and excretion of body fluid. The impeded of four basic movements of qi will follow the obstruction of the distribution and excretion of body fluid ,which is called "Stagnation of qi leads to the retention fo body fluid"and vice verse. The pathological changes of both qi and body fluid always affect each other. It will get good result to combine the methods of promoting the flowing of qi and water in clinical practice.
3. Consolidating Fluid Action of Qi
Body fluid ,the same as blood ,is the liquid substance. It also depends on the consolidating function of qi to prevent its escaping and keep the excretion normal. Therefore,the deficiency of qi of the dysfunction of qi will result in the escaping of internal body fluid without any reasons, and the pathological symptoms of polyhidrosis ,leaking sweating, polyuria and enuresis will occur. In clinical treatment, the method of tonifying should be adopted to make qi control body fluid.
4. Carrying Qi Action of fluid
Body fluid is the carrier of qi which exists by attaching itself to body fluid. If massive body fluid loses with the symptoms such as Polyhidrosis, polyuria and vomiti etc. , qi will scatter due to the lodd of its attachment ,leading to the symptoms of "Exhaustion of qi results from the heavy loss of bady fluid. "
III. Relationship Between Blood and Body Fluid
Both blood and body fluid are liquid substance. They have the same functions
moistening and nourishing, and both belong to yin by comparison with qi. Therefore
there is a closely relationship between them.
Blood and body fluid both are derived from the essence of drink and food. So it is said "Body fluid and blood are derived from the same source". Body fluid will become the components of blood when it inffuses into the vessels.
Under the pathological conditions, blood and body fluid affect each other. For example, when blood loses heavily, the body fluid outside the vessels may seep into the vessels to make up the insufficient blood volume, thus cause the insufficiency of body fluid outside the vessels ,marked by thirst ,polyuria and dry skin. Conversely ,when body fluid loses heavily,the fluid inside the vess is will come out of the vessels,and result the hollow of vessels ,the depletion of body fluid and dryness of blood. For this reason the diaphoresis method should not be used for the hemorrhage patients ,and the meth of breaking blood with drastic herbs or bleeding method should not be used for the patients with a severe loss of body fluid ,due to polyhidrosis or vomiting.
These are the practical utilization of the theory of"body fluid and blood derived from the same source. "

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