Glaucoma is a disease where pressure of the eye becomes high damaging the nerve fibres that form the optic nerve. This nerve carries the visual information from eye to the brain and therefore, any damage to the nerve fibers causes defects in the visual area and results in decreased vision. If not treated in time, this may even lead to blindness.

Normally an eye has a certain pressure - 11 to 21 mm Hg (like a balloon filled with water), which is required for the eye to function in a healthy way. This pressure is created by a fluid called aqueous humor, which is continuously formed and drained out from the eye throughout life. Any disturbance in maintaining this delicate balance leads to high pressure, which in turn damages the nerve fibres.

Glaucoma is a common cause of blindness across the world. In our country alone the prevalence of glaucoma is estimated to be 4% in people of over 30 years of age.

The following people are at a higher risk for glaucoma:

Diabetics
Spectacle wearers - Myopia / Hypermetropia
Steroid users
Family history of glaucoma
Thyroid diseases
Other eye diseases e.g. Uveitis, vitreous haemorrhage, major eye surgery etc.
Eye injury

Glaucoma of some type is found in about 2 per cent of the population over the age of 40. It can also affect children and young adults, although much less frequently. It is estimated that more than 500,000 people suffer from glaucoma in England and Wales alone, with more than 70 million people affected across the world. The great majority of those with glaucoma have a chronic (slowly developing) form of the condition, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and studies have demonstrated that half of all cases remain undiagnosed. People of African-Caribbean origin have about four times the risk of POAG as whites.

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