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Poor diet and physical inactivity are the most common risk factors for heart disease. The role of diet and nutrition is influenced by a range of social, cultural, economic and physiological factors, including the available food supply and cost.
The role of fat intake in heart disease is now fairly clearly established. The direct protective effect of specific diets or dietary changes is less clear but there are general health benefits in promoting healthy eating.
Overweight and obesity are established risk factors for heart disease. Strategies to reduce the prevalence of overweight include interventions affecting behaviour, physical activity, diet and combinations of all three approaches. These interventions include salt reduction, dietary fibre increase, and an adequate intake of fresh fruit and vegetables.