
The relationship between qigong and traditional Chinese medicine is often misperceived as being of the same founding. In actuality, classical medical texts, which are the primary learning tools of traditional Chinese medical practitioners, rarely mentioned qigong. Some of the more noteworthy traditional medical texts that do mention qigong are the Huang Ti Su Wen, Li Shi Zhen, and text written by Bao Pu Zi. None of the classical Chinese medical texts mentioned how to train in qigong except books written by Bao Pu Zi, who happened to be a fang shi (Daoist alchemist) and a medical scholar. Furthermore, qigong was not traditionally part of the TCM school curriculum. Only in the last decade, starting in 1982, did traditional Chinese medical schools start to conduct research in qigong. However, Western type of medical schools in China began to study the effects of qigong on various illnesses as early as the beginning of the nineteen-sixties. These schools began the study of medical qigong, which is the application of qigong for medical purposes.
Qigong works by affecting several systems of the body. These systems are the nervous system (including the autonomic nervous system), endocrine system, circulatory system, and immune system. In order to apply qigong to these body systems, numerous training techniques are used, such as meditation, conscious breathing, chanting, visualization, stances, acupoint massage, movements and stretches, and qi allocations and movements. There are various qigong programs, ranging from simple to complex, that are tailored to specific individual needs. Some programs can incorporate techniques such as simple stances, movements, chanting and stretches (calisthenics), while other programs can include a variety of simple and complicated techniques such as qi distribution, acupoint triggering and visualization (self-hypnosis).