[Introduction]

Urinary tract stones refers to formation and retention of crystal clot in the urinary system, including calculus of kidney, ureteral calculus and calculus of urinary tract according to the location of the calculus. The main mani-festations are colic in the loins or lower abdomen, astrin-gent pain in urination and hematuria. This disease is simi-lar to stony stranguria, sand stranguria and bloody stran-guria in TCM. The location of this disease is in the kidney and bladder, but it is also related to the liver and spleen. It is usually caused by retention of heat in the bladder, as-thenia of kidney qi or stagnation of qi and obstruction of the lower energizer. It is of sthenia syndrome in the early stage. However, prolonged duration will change it into asthenia syndrome or syndrome of mixed asthenia and sthenia.

[Syndrome differentiation]

1. Damp-heat in the lower energizer

Pain in the loins and abdomen like colic, dripping and astringent pain in urination, or sudden anuria, or bloody urine, or fever, bitter taste in the mouth, red tongue with greasy fur, and slippery and rapid pulse.

2. Oi stagnation and blood stasis

Frequent dull pain or vague pain in the loins and ab-domen, sudden stoppage of urination, severe pain, even hematuria with deep-red color, grayish complexion, deep-red tongue with purplish appearance, and taut and un-smooth pulse.

3. Asthenia of spleen and kidney yang

Occasional dull pain in the loins and abdomen, fre-quent urination or unsmooth urination, lassitude, cold body and limbs, aching and weakness in the loins and knees, pale complexion, light-colored tongue with white fur, slow and weak pulse.

4. Asthenia of liver and kidney yin

Dripping and burning sensation in urination, dizziness and tinnitus, tidal fever and night sweating, feverish sen-sation in the palms, soles and chest, insomnia, dreami-ness, red tongue with scanty fur, thin and weak pulse.

[Treatment]

1. Body acupuncture

Prescription: Zhongji (CV 3 ), Sanyinjiao (SP 6 ), Taixi (KI 3), Shenshu (BL 23), Pangguangshu (BL 28) and Jingmen (BL 36).

Modification: For damp-heat in the lower energizer, Shuidao (ST 28), Weiyang (BL 39) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) are added; for qi stagnation and blood stasis, Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3) and Geshu (BL 17) are added; for asthenia of spleen and kidney yang, Guanyuan (CV 4), Pishu (BL 20), Mingmen (GV 4) and Zusanli (ST 36) are added; for asthenia of liver and kidney yin, Fuliu (KI 7), Ganshu (BL 18), Ququan (LR 8) and Yingu (KI 10) are Added£» for colic pain, Yanglingquan (GB 34) and tenderness point are added; for hematuria, Xuehai (SP 10) is added; for fever, Hegu (LI 4) and Ouchi (LI 11) are added.

Performance: For the treatment of damp-heat in the lower energizer type and qi stagnation and blood stasis type, reducing needling technique is used; for asthenia o spleen and kidney yang type and asthenia of liver and kid-ney yin, mild reducing needling technique or mild reduc-ing and reinforcing techniques are used. Each time 1 ¨C 2 acupoints are selected and needled with continuous wave, high frequency and strong electricity for 40 60 minutes. For the treatment of asthenia of spleen and kidney yang, acupuncture and moxibustion can be used simultaneously.

2. Ear acupuncture

Prescription: Kidney (C010), Ureter (C09,10i), Bladder (CO9), Urethra (HX3), Lung (CO14), Spleen (C013), Triple Energizer (CO17), Sympathetic Nerve (AH6a), Ear Shenmen (TF4) and Subcortex (AT4).

Performance: Each time 3 - 5 acupoints are selected and needled with normal procedure, strong stimulation and frequent rotation of the needles. The needles are re-tained for 30 - 60 minutes. The needling is done once or twice a day. Or Wangbuliuxingzi (Semen Vaccariae) is used for ear pressure.

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