The pulse in a morbid condition is called morbid pulse, in which the manifestations of pulse conditions are either the changes of the position of the pulse, or the difference in rhythm, or variation in morphology, or changes in strength. Sometimes morbid pulse may show difference in various aspects, such as the position, rhythm and strength of the pulse. The following is a specific discussion:
1.4.1.3.1 Floating pulse
Features: Sensible under light pressure, weak and constant beating under heavy pressure. Floating pulse is marked by superficial beating.
Clinical significance. Floating pulse Indicates external syndrome, floating and powerful pulse signifying external sthenia syndrome while floating and weak pulse manifesting external asthenia syndrome. Floating pulse can also be seen in internal asthenia syndrome due to consumption of essence and blood in chronic disease and external floating of asthenic yang.
1.4.1.3.2 Scattered pulse
Features: Rootless, arrhythmic and disappearing under pressure.
Clinical significance: Indicating depletion of primordial qi, visceral essence at the verge to exhaust and external floating of asthenic yang.
1.4.1.3.3 Hollow pulse
Features: Floating, large and hollow like the leaf of scallion.
Clinical significance: Indicating loss of blood and impairment of yin.
1.4.1.3.4 Sunken pulse
Features: Sensible only under heavy pressure.
Clinical significance: Indicating internal syndrome. Sunken and powerful pulse signifies sthenia internal syndrome, while sunken and weak pulse shows asthenic internal syndrome.
1.4.1.3.5 Slow pulse
Features: No more than 4 beats in a cycle of breath (©‚60/min).
Clinical significance: Indicating cold syndrome. Slow and powerful pulse signifies sthenia cold syndrome, while slow and weak pulse shows asthenic cold syndrome. Such a pulse condition is also seen in internal sthenia heat syndrome due to internal accumulation of pathogenic heat.Athletes with slow pulse are in a normal condition.
1.4.1.3.6 Moderate pulse
Features: The pulse is moderate and powerful, beating 4 times in a cycle of breath; or moderate and sluggish, beating 4 times in a cycle of breath (60 - 70/min).
Clinical significance: Indicating damp disease and weakness of the stomach and spleen.
1.4.1.3.7 Fast pulse
Features: The pulse beats over 5 - 6 times in a cycle of breath (90 - ll0/min).
Clinical significance: Indicating heat syndrome. Fast and powerful pulse signifies sthenia heat syndrome, while fast and weak pulse shows asthenic heat syndrome. Such a pulse condition is also seen in the syndrome due to external floating of asthenic yang.
1.4.1.3.8 Swift pulse
Features: The pulse beats over 7 times in a cycle of
breath (¡Ý140/min).
Clinical significance: Indicating loss of control of hyperactive yang. declination of kidney yin and near depletion of primordial qi.
1.4.1.3.9 Weak pulse
Features: Weak pulse is marked by weak beating of the pulse at all the cun, guan and chi regions.
Clinical significance: Indicating asthenia syndrome, usually seen in asthenia of both qi and blood, especially in qi asthenia.
1.4.1.3.10 Powerful pulse
Features: Powerful pulse is marked by powerful sensation of pulse beating at cun, guan and chi regions under superficial, moderate and heavy pressure.
1.4.1.3.11 Slippery pulse
Features: The pulse is beating freely and smoothly like the movement of beads of an abacus.
Clinical significance: Indicating retention of phlegm and fluid, dyspepsia and sthenia heat. Such a pulse condition is also seen among young and strong people and gravida.
1.4.1.3.12 Astringent pulse
Features: The pulse is beating in an inhibited way like scraping a piece of bamboo.
Clinical significance: Astringent and powerful pulse indicates qi stagnation and blood stasis; astringent and weak pulse signifies lack of essence and insufficiency of blood.
1.4.1.3.13 Full pulse
Features: Full pulse is marked by wide size and full content, beating like roaring waves and sensibility under light pressure and surges as well as sudden flowing and ebbing.
Clinical significance: Indicating exuberant internal heat.
1.4.1.3.14 Thin pulse
Features: The pulse is as thin as a thread, weak and quite sensible under pressure.
Clinical significance: Indicating asthenia of both qi and blood, various overstrain and diseases due to pathogenic dampness.
1.4.1.3.15 Soft pulse
Features: Soft pulse is superficial and thin as well as sensible and weak under light pressure.
Clinical significance: Indicating insufficiency of qi and blood, and dampness syndrome.
1.4.1.3.16 Feeble pulse
Features: Feeble pulse is deep and thin as well as sensible and weak under heavy pressure.
Clinical significance: Indicating declination of both qi and blood.
1.4.1.3.17 Indistinct pulse
Features: Indistinct pulse is very thin and soft,almost insensible under pressure.
Clinical significance:. Indicating extreme deficiency of qi and blood as well as declination of yangqi.
1.4.1.3.18 Taut pulse
Features: Taut pulse appears straight, energetic and hard like the feeling of pressing the string of a violin.
Clinical significance: Indicating disorders of the liver and gallbladder, pain syndrome and retention of phlegm and fluid.
1.4.1.3.19 Tense pulse
Features: Tense pulse appears like the pulling of a rope and flicks the finger when pressed.
Clinical significance: Indicating cold syndrome, pain syndrome and retention of food.
1.4.1.3.20 Rapid and intermittent pulse
Features: Rapid and intermittent pulse beats fast with occasional and irregular intermittence.
Clinical significance: Fast and powerful pulse indicates hyperactivity of yang heat, qi stagnation, blood stasis and retention of phlegm and food; fast and weak pulse signifies weakness of visceral qi and insufficiency of blood.
1.4.1.3.21 Slow and intermittent pulse
Features: The pulse beats slow with occasional and irregular intermittence.
Clinical significance: Slow, intermittent and power. ful pulse indicates predominance of yin, qi stagnation, retention of phlegm and blood stasis; while slow, intermittent and weak pulse signifies declination of qi and blood.
1.4.1.3.22 Slow-intermittent regular pulse
Features. The pulse beats slowly with regular and longer intermittence.
Clinical significance: Indicating declination of visceral qi and asthenia of primordial qi.
1.4.1.3.23 Long pulse
Features: The pulse surpasses the range of cun, gnan and chi regions.
Clinical significance: Indicating yang syndrome, heat syndromeand sthenia syndrome.
1.4.1.3.24 Short pulse
Features: The pulse appears shorter than the normal content of cun, guan and chi regions.
Clinical significance. Indicating qi disorders, Short and powerful pulse indicates qi stagnation; while short and weak pulse signifies qi asthenia.
The development of diseases is complicated and may be caused by various Pathogenic factors, leading to the variations of the functions of yin and Yang, qi and bloat and viscera as Well as the states of the conflict between the healthy qi and Pathogenic factors. Therefore, the pulse conditions mentioned above do not exist in a single form in the clinical practice. Usually two or more pulse conditions appear at the same time. Such a pulse condition called combined pulse. The conditions of pulse may appear at the same time, unless they are contrary in nature, so as to comprehensively reflect the pathological changes in the body.
Generally speaking, the disease indicated by the combined pulse is the synthesis of the diseases indicated by the pulse conditions appearing simultaneously in a
case. For example, floating pulse indicates external syndrome and fast pulse signifies heat syndrome, so floating and fast pulse shows external heat syndrome; floating pulse indicates external syndrome and tense pulse signifies cold syndrome, so floating and tense pulse manifests external cold syndrome; taut pulse indicates disorder of the liver and gallbladder and fast pulse signifies heat syndrome, so taut and fast pulse manifests liver depression transforming into fire or damp heat in the liver and gallbladder, etc.
On the whole, all related factors should be taken into consideration in differentiating pulse for making correct clinical diagnosis.

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